Any of a variety of conditions that occur following birth including traumatic damage in the birth process or as the result of an accident (the most common of which are vehicular accidents, falls, acts of violence and sports injuries), anoxia or hypoxic episodes and allergic conditions, toxic substances and other acute medical/clinical incidents that are characterized by significant destruction of brain tissue and resultant loss of brain function. Examples of brain injuries include hematomas, blood clots, contusions or bruising of brain tissue, cerebral edema (swelling inside the skull), concussions and strokes.

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A condition in which there is an intercranial mass which may be primary (formed in the brain) or metastatic (cancers elsewhere in the body that spread to the brain). Brain tumours can also be malignant or benign. The cause of brain tumours is largely unknown. They can occur in people of any age. Symptoms depend on the size and location of the tumour. The most common are headaches, seizures, numbness or tingling in the arms and legs, nausea, vomiting, personality changes, difficulty with movement or balance and changes in hearing, speech, or vision.

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